Notes on a Common Beat

my 2 cents on the nature of time in physics and philosophy

see also ORCid

Proper time from a max-entropy constraint on entangled histories
Abstract We present a kinematic reconstruction of relativistic proper time in a discrete history-based framework, without assuming a background spacetime manifold. The construction introduces a minimal operational parametrization of unresolved localization and temporal order prior to collapse. Observers are modeled as massive quantum systems decomposed into spatial and temporal history sectors encoding the system and clock degrees of freedom. We assume that the accessible information of a history is given by its max-entropy and scales with the spherical boundary area of its causal cone. This assumption induces a trade-off between spatial and temporal resources. In the coarse-grained regime, the model recovers the standard proper-time relation, the time-dilation formula, and discrete counterparts of the Minkowski interval and of the proper-time functional. The analysis does not assume a specific microscopic dynamics or a field-theoretic completion. The construction shows that relativistic temporal structure can be recovered from informational constraints in a form relevant to operational and information-theoretic approaches to a quantum description of spacetime.
Matter and Gravity from Entanglement in the Thick Present:
A Summary of the Present Quantum Gravity Framework
Abstract We introduce Present Quantum Gravity (PQG), a novel framework grounded in an informational ontology in which only the present instant exists. The Present is described as a quantum memory updating in discrete ticks, encoding entanglement as closed loop structures in a Wick-rotated, relational space. Building on time-symmetric quantum mechanics, holographic principles, and entropic gravity, rest mass is reinterpreted as information hidden through temporal entanglement, and gravity emerges from a local symmetry breaking of spatial entanglement to compensate for hidden information. From this informational asymmetry, we recover the Newtonian potential and weak-field gravitational time dilations, interpreted as reductions in accessible degrees of freedom. PQG is conceptually compatible with established interpretations, while providing predictions that are in principle falsifiable. Limitations, such as the absence of a field theoretic dynamics or the full Einstein equations, and research avenues, including connections to Einstein-Cartan theory, are discussed at the end of the paper. This work synthesizes the status of the framework as presented at Quantum2025 (Torino, IT), emphasizing its conceptual advances, experimental proposals, and roadmap towards a fully dynamical theory, while leaving the details to the referenced literature.
The Universe as a Telecommunication Network
Abstract We suggest a framework that models the universe as a Telecommunication Network, with several layers of abstraction, characteristic protocols and encoding schemes. We first define a fundamental network of atoms of space (Present foliation) as a toy model of the most elementary abstraction on spacetime. We describe a protocol to encode the information of distance, non-locality, and entanglement among these nodes. In this framework, we then conjecture the emergence of fermions from gradients of entanglement in the foliation, encoded as momenta in the fundamental network. We propose an interpretation of the asymmetry and of the half spin of matter in the model, towards a description of fermions as independent Network Entities, adjacent possible complexities from the most fundamental abstraction. We conclude our contribution considering several parallels between Nature and nodes in a layered network. The proposed framework seems a promising path to describe the emergence of a universe from information through the language of networks. We believe this perspective can connect several areas of research and deserves further investigation.
The potential of a thick present through undefined causality and non-locality
Abstract This paper elaborates on the interpretation of time and entanglement, offering insights into the possible ontological nature of information in the emergence of spacetime, towards a quantum description of gravity. We first investigate different perspectives on time and identify in the idea of a "thick present" the only element of reality needed to describe evolution, differences, and relations. The thick present is connected to a spacetime information "sampling rate", and it is intended as a time symmetric potential bounded between a causal past of irreversible events and a still open future. From this potential, spacetime emerges in each instant as a space-like foliation (in a description based on imaginary paths). In the second part, we analyze undefined causal orders to understand how their potential could persist along the thick present instants. Thanks to a C-NOT logic and the concept of an imaginary time, we derive a description of entanglement as the potential of a logically consistent open choice among imaginary paths. We then conceptually map the imaginary paths identified in the entanglement of the undefined orders to Closed Time-like Curves (CTC) in the thick present. Considering a universe described through information, CTC are interpreted as "memory loops", elementary structures encoding the information potential related to the entanglement in both time and space, manifested as undefined causality and non-locality in the emerging foliation. We conclude by suggesting a possible extension of the introduced concepts in a holographic perspective.
Conjectures on Spacetime
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